Limbaj și comunicare
Lucrări și texte despre limbaj, semnificație și procesul comunicării.
O nouă carte despre limbaj, discurs şi comunicare pare o exagerare, un act cvasi-inutil, în condiţiile în care s-a scris atât de mult pe aceste teme. O asemenea întreprindere poate părea o nouă încercare de a relua, iar şi iar, chestiuni discutate din vremuri vechi, de-a lungul timpului, peste tot în lume.
Surpriza pe care o rezervă cititorilor prezenta lucrare constă tocmai în aceea că nu pleacă de la ideea de a repeta ceea ce s-a spus, ci de a propune moduri de a merge către clarificarea — în parte, măcar — a chestiunilor a căror menţinere în imperfectă determinare împiedică buna înţelegere a domeniilor care tratează despre limbaj, discurs, comunicare, precum şi buna desfăşurare a cercetărilor angajate în domeniile respective. Cei angajaţi în cercetările din domeniile legate de limbaj, discurs, comunicare trăim, cu toţii, o perpetuă nevoie de teorii bine întemeiate, clare, larg acceptate sau măcar larg acceptabile.
Continuă lectura →Dan S. Stoica · Editura Universității „Al. I. Cuza”, Iași, 2015
Ascultam, zilele trecute, un interviu cu Academicianul Laurenţiu Popescu, medicul cu telocitele. Fără să fi avut vreo înţelegere cu Domnia Sa – nu ne cunoaştem – şi chiar fără să sper, îl auzeam confirmând ceea ce încerc să induc studenţilor mei, ba chiar şi colegilor de breaslă: regula compromisului şi ideea că totul poate avea valoare de adevăr, dar numai contextual, numai într-un timp anume.
Continuă lectura →Dan S. Stoica
It is known that there are spheres of human life and areas of human activity so complex in nature that they inherently become, on the one hand, absolutely exceptional, and, on the other hand, impossible to seize in any global model: we lack data, we cannot corroborate data extrapolated from the analysis of the various perspectives meant to observe the objects in question but above all things we cannot count on the faithful repetition of the events specific to these spheres and areas. I include in this category the spheres related to both natural and social phenomena, to human thinking, and, finally, to the language activity, deeply embedded in thinking and also seen as central to any instance of communication in our world, namely the world of the living.
Continuă lectura →Dan S. Stoica · „Al. I. Cuza” University of Iași
There are many ways people use some established wooden language and this differentiate them when they are targeted by manipulative discourses. Some people would be genuinely politically correct and use the speech code with all their heart. Those ones can be manipulated by the bias of targeted discourses in the given wooden language. Some other people would not believe that wooden languages could be used in real communication. Part of these later ones would fake using the established wooden language in their group or society, part of them would overtly refuse to use such a language, while some of them would use the wooden language in an ironic key, to rally human or social shortcomings. Counting apart the first category, all these kinds of people would escape any manipulation attempt.
Continuă lectura →Dan S. Stoica · Argumentum, 14 (1): 102-120, 2016
Everywhere in the world, societies – acting as communities – set up institutions or just use already existing ones, leading to their own reproduction. This reality relies on the use of language, which not only influence people, but also socio-culturally shapes their minds. This paper has the goal of discussing mind formatting institutions that smoothly “manipulate” people into being “good citizens”, from their early ages to the end of their lives, thanks to language, understanding manipulation as a amoral tool.
Continuă lectura →Dan S. Stoica · TrajEthos, 4 (1): 91-109, 2015
Traditionally, the term “manipulation” is used in a morally depreciative sense, as a pejorative expression. The present paper tries to propose another view on manipulation as action and thus another perception of the linguistic term. For this, we will leave the territory of moral distinctions (good vs. bad, moral vs. immoral) and go camp in the territory of adequacy, a territory of instruments and their efficiency in usage (the distinction will be good vs. bad, in the sense of the appropriateness and efficiency of the chosen instrument in performing some particular action).
Taken as such, the manipulation is no longer viewed as moral or immoral, but simply as amoral. In contrast with that, manipulation will be discussed under the opposition good vs. bad in terms of the pragmatics of the action. We will then accept that there can be morally good manipulation, which also means that an expression like “bad manipulation” is not a pleonasm, but a way to refer to manipulation that didn’t produce the expected effect.
Continuă lectura →Dan Stoica · Argumentum, 12 (1)
While following the description of different perspectives on communication, one can remark that they cross one another, but never cover one another well enough to allow us see one single contour, one single possible model of this complex phenomenon called communication. Studying this phenomenon means accepting the multiplicity of perspectives and chosing one approach, as rich as possible, which could lead to inter- or even trans-disciplinarity. Then, all the chances to build a global model of communication are there. Or near…
Continuă lectura →Dan S. Stoica · Analele Științifice ale Univ. „Al. I. Cuza” din Iași, Științe ale Comunicării, Tom 4/2011, pp. 7-29
Les termes employés pour s’exprimer et pour communiquer entre les spécialistes en astronomie, astronautique, chimie, mais aussi en philologie et mathématiques, par exemple, ne font l’objet que de certains cercles de professionnels et peut-être aussi des professionnels des zones de contact. Des mots du roumain correspondant, par exemple, aux mots français [périgée], [flysch], [carbogène], [proparoxyton] ou [cosinus] sont fréquemment présents dans les exégèses des spécialistes de ces territoires du savoir et c’est très peu d’éléments de ces familles “exotiques” qui pénètrent le langage commun, à travers les médias et l’éducation scolaire, surtout. Certes, il n’est pas question de voir les choses sans réserve : des évènements ou des applications de toutes sortes donnent à ce type de lexèmes la chance d’être connus dans des cercles plus larges de locuteurs. Une éclipse de soleil nous laisse comprendre la signification primaire du syntagme cône d’ombre ; des films (du genre horror !) où l’on voit des reptiles géants ont facilité l’apparition dans le discours public du terme technique mésozoïque, alors que les viticulteurs profitent de la réaction à base de métabisulfite.
Continuă lectura →Stelian Dumistrăcel, Dan S. Stoica, Irina Dumistrăcel · Buletin științific nr. 8/2011, Editura ASE, București, 2013, pp. 392-411
The paper presents a study on a typology of civic identities of public contributors of online articles on forums and their possibilities of automatic identification. We analyse the dialogic means and exploration of automatic extraction of features from forum utterances.
The research suggests new perspectives for defining types of online commentators of public discourses addressing domains such as politics, arts, education, etc. In the investigation we apply some pragmalinguistics approaches on communication, mainly taken from polyphony and enunciation areas.
Continuă lectura →Daniela Gîfu, Dan Stoica, Dan Cristea · ConsILR-2013, Miclăușeni, jud. Iași, mai 2013
Studying discourses seems to be an endless occupation, mostly because of the different approaches to the concept of ‘discourse’, but also because of the ever changing media and contexts where discourses take place. Our attention has always been drawn to the idea that discourses are social interactions which leave traces in our lives.
Continuă lectura →Dan S. Stoica · Facultatea de Litere, Dept. de Jurnalism și Științele Comunicării
Abstract: The text deals with clichés, in the sense of phrases everybody uses just because they are in fashion. The difference between phrase and enunciation, between text and discourse is the foundation of the claim made in this study. A phrase – any phrase – can have a semantic of its own and this makes it worth using in some contexts. In other words, the phrases get meanings in context. But the changing of contexts could make a perfectly acceptable phrase become not so acceptable. Or, contexts evolve and resuming former truth can have the most unexpected results. Some notorious phrases are discussed and proven out of date or simply inadequate. On the other hand, a well known phrase is saluted as happily enriched with a meaning which got lost over the years. When it comes to using phrases, we have discourses, and the meaning of any discourse is contextual. Clichés don’t work well all the time.
Keywords: context sensitive meaning, phrase vs. enunciation, text vs. discourse, clichés
Continuă lectura →Dan S. Stoica · Argumentum, vol. 11, issue 1/2013
Abstract: In any book on Communication we find rules or even maxims, guiding us in being efficient. The idea of this text is that there is no rule in communication. There can be just one acceptable principle and it says: “Be appropriate!”. People have to do what they have to do in different situations, in different contexts, in order to get their intentions through. A good starting point could be the phrase of Ivan Preston: Meanings are in people, not in messages. From there, all one needs is wisdom, and our approach is not more encouraging on defining that then defining appropriateness.
Keywords: appropriateness, wisdom, rules in communication.
Continuă lectura →Dan S. Stoica · Argumentum, vol. 10, issue 2/2012
Any result of a discursive activity can be analyzed from at least two distinct perspectives: a logical one (aiming to establish the correctness of the thoughts, and the way each thought is related with the next one, in a clear, easy to follow judgement); a semiotic perspective would offer the possibility to understand the way the utterer has used the linguistic material (as signs, in communication), in order to reach the goal s/he is after, taking into account the relations between the signs and their users, as well as the interaction between the participants to the argument. In the present paper, we intend to stress out the logical perspective.
Continuă lectura →Constantin Sălăvăstru, Dan Stoica · Universitatea „Al. I. Cuza”, Iași
Un condensat de informaţii despre viziunea autorului cu privire la comunicare (în general), la comunicarea publică şi la relaţiile publice — toate, dintr-o perspectivă mai degrabă semiotică.
Continuă lectura →Dan S. Stoica · Editura Universității „Al. I. Cuza”, Iași, 2004
Apariţia unei cărţi cu un titlu ce exprimă una din preocupările perene ale filosofilor, nu doar a celor ai limbajului, este, nu surprinzătoare, dar cu siguranţă o surpriză dintre cele mai agreabile. Cititorul care, din raţiuni mai mult sau mai puţin strict profesionale, vrea să afle cum se reduce incompatibilitatea dintre universal şi particular, în ce măsură ea se converteşte în compatibilitate, va găsi cu siguranţă un prilej de certă delectare intelectuală în lucrarea pe care a scris-o Dan Stoica.
Riguros, dar nu pedant, autorul caută mai întâi să satisfacă unele exigenţe indispensabile, de natură epistemologică, procedând la delimitarea conceptelor prezente în titlu. Se fac apoi primele precizări în privinţa relaţiei logică–limbaj, „o problemă deschisă”, pentru a cărei mai bună înţelegere sunt prezentate perspectivele coşeriană şi „thomistă” (René Thom), întrucât pe acestea două vor fi sprijinite cele mai multe analize şi demonstraţii. Discutarea problemelor metodologice încheie partea de preliminarii, în care a fost construit „un instrument clar şi valabil pentru abordarea unei încercări de clasificare a unor producţii-reper din teoriile constituite în spaţiul francez asupra relaţiei dintre logică şi limbaj”. În aceste preliminarii se conturează însăşi schema parcursului analitic, adică însăşi structura cărţii.
Continuă lectura →Dan S. Stoica · Editura Edit Dan 2000, Iași · din prezentarea cărții
Motto : La politesse c’est ce que je crois que tu crois que je crois de toi. — Petre Botezatu
Résumé : Il s’agit d’une tentative de mettre au point un modèle global sémiotique de la communication. Nos efforts de ce sens partent de la lecture d’un article de Semiotica où l’on parlait justement d’un modèle global de la communication, après un passage en revue de plusieurs modèles, de celui de Saussure ou celui de Jakobson, jusqu’aux plus récents. Comme la construction finale ne nous satisfaisait pas, nous nous sommes appliqué à trouver ce qui ne marchait pas, et c’est plutôt de là que notre modèle est né. Partant du principe que la communication est une activité dynamique et continue, notre modèle essaye de concentrer les conditions générales de chaque instance de communication, aussi bien que ce qui compte dans l’intercompréhension par voie discursive. Sont pris en considération l’environnement socio-culturel (qui détermine les topoi entrant en jeu, les représentations et les méta-représentations que les interlocuteurs sont supçonnés d’avoir l’un de l’autre — et non seulement !), les types de relations imaginables et possibles dans l’univers où a lieu l’intervention discursive, l’intertexte culturel personnel de chaque participant à l’interlocution et l’intertexte culturel partagé, le rôle du feedback et des réponses, l’apport du non-verbal, etc.
Continuă lectura →Dan S. Stoica · Faculté des Lettres, Université „Al. I. Cuza”, Iași
Au milieu de la communauté des scientifiques, chacun est, à tour de rôle, créateur et consommateur d’information nouvelle. Mais, comme ce serait une erreur de la considérer homogène, il faut admettre que cette communauté se confronte à des problèmes issus de l’intérieur.
La plupart de ces problèmes tiennent à la qualité et à la fiabilité des découvertes scientifiques et, implicitement, au besoin de réduire les parasites dans la circulation des valeurs véritables de la Science.
Continuă lectura →Dan S. Stoica · NOESIS, Editura Academiei Române, XXVI, 2001
Entamer une recherche présuppose non seulement l’existence d’une intuition scientifique que l’on pourrait circonscrire dans un domaine d’étude, mais aussi un trajet à parcourir et des instruments à utiliser, bref une méthodologie à employer.
Or, plus le domaine est vaste et difficile à définir et à dominer, plus la méthodologie à employer devrait être mieux définie et choisie de telle sorte qu’elle offre la possibilité d’une démarche bien structurée, limpide et facile à suivre.
Continuă lectura →Dan S. Stoica · NOESIS, Editura Academiei Române, 2000, pp. 129-147
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